Zemsta author Anton Chekhov By Anton Chekhov
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Dramas such as n The Seagull n 1896 revised 1898 and including A Dreary Story 1889 of Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov also Chekov concern the inability of humans to communicate Born n n in the small southern seaport of Taganrog the son of a grocer His grandfather a serf bought his own freedom and that of his three sons in 1841 He also taught to read A cloth merchant fathered Yevgenia Morozova his mother When I think back on my childhood Chekhov recalled it all seems quite gloomy to me Tyranny of his father religious fanaticism and long nights in the store open from five in the morning till midnight shadowed his early years He attended a school for Greek boys in Taganrog from 1867 to 1868 and then Taganrog grammar school Bankruptcy of his father compelled the family to move to Moscow At the age of 16 years in 1876 independent Chekhov for some time alone in his native town supported through private tutoring In 1879 Chekhov left grammar school and entered the university medical school at Moscow In the school he began to publish hundreds of short comics to support his mother sisters and brothers Nicholas Leikin published him at this period and owned Oskolki splinters the journal of Saint Petersburg His subjected silly social situations marital problems and farcical encounters among husbands wives mistresses and lust even after his marriage Chekhov the shy author knew not much of whims of young women n Nenunzhaya pobeda n first novel of Chekhov set in 1882 in Hungary parodied the novels of the popular M r J kai People also mocked ideological optimism of J kai as a politician Chekhov graduated in 1884 and practiced medicine He worked from 1885 in Peterburskaia gazeta In 1886 Chekhov met H. Zemsta epoka literacka S Suvorin who invited him a regular contributor to work for Novoe vremya the daily paper of Saint Petersburg He gained a wide fame before 1886 He authored n The Shooting Party n his second full length novel later translated into English Agatha Christie used its characters and atmosphere in later her mystery novel n The Murder of Roger Ackroyd n First book of Chekhov in 1886 succeeded and he gradually committed full time The refusal of the author to join the ranks of social critics arose the wrath of liberal and radical intelligentsia who criticized him for dealing with serious social and moral questions but avoiding giving answers Such leaders as Leo Tolstoy and Nikolai Leskov however defended him I m not a liberal or a conservative or a gradualist or a monk or an indifferentist I should like to be a free artist and that s all Chekhov said in 1888 The failure of n The Wood Demon n play in 1889 and problems with novel made Chekhov to withdraw from literature for a period In 1890 he traveled across Siberia to Sakhalin remote prison island He conducted a detailed census of ten thousand convicts and settlers condemned to live on that harsh island Chekhov expected to use the results of his research for his doctoral dissertation Hard conditions on the island probably also weakened his own physical condition From this journey came his famous travel book Chekhov practiced medicine until 1892 During these years Chechov developed his concept of the dispassionate non judgmental author He outlined his program in a letter to his brother Aleksandr 1 Absence of lengthy verbiage of political social economic nature 2 total objectivity 3 truthful descriptions of persons and objects 4 extreme brevity 5 audacity and originality flee the stereotype 6 compassion Because he objected that the paper conducted against Alfred Dreyfus his friendship with Suvorin ended
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