The Crosses of Pompeii: Jesus-Devotion in a Vesuvian Town By Bruce W. Longenecker
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Dr Longenecker specializes in the origins of Christianity including the following emphases Early Christianity in its Greco Roman context Jesus devotion in the Vesuvian towns Pompeii and Herculaneum the life and theology of Paul care for the needy among Christian communities of the Greco Roman world Dr Longenecker joined the Baylor faculty in August 2009 having taught previously at St Andrews University Scotland 1999 2009 Cambridge University England 1995 1999 and Durham University England 1991 1995 Ph. The crosses of pompeii images A in Biblical and Religious Studies Wheaton Colleg Dr Longenecker specializes in the origins of Christianity including the following emphases Early Christianity in its Greco Roman context Jesus devotion in the Vesuvian towns Pompeii and Herculaneum the life and theology of Paul care for the needy among Christian communities of the Greco Roman world Dr Longenecker joined the Baylor faculty in August 2009 having taught previously at St Andrews University Scotland 1999 2009 Cambridge University England 1995 1999 and Durham University England 1991 1995 Ph. Book the crosses of pompeii analysis A 1979 83 site_link The eruption that destroyed Pompeii in 79 preserved a wealth of evidence about the town buried for centuries in volcanic ash Since the town s excavations in the eighteenth century archaeologists have disputed the evidence that might attest the presence of Christians in Pompeii before the eruption Now Bruce Longenecker reviews that material evidence and introduces artifacts previously unrecognized for their relevance to the issue Illustrated with maps charts photographs and line drawings depicting artifacts from the town The Crosses of Pompeii presents an elegant case for the presence of Jesus devotion in the Vesuvian town Longenecker s arguments require dramatic changes to our understanding of the history of earliest Christianity The Crosses of Pompeii Jesus Devotion in a Vesuvian TownLongenecker has done a masterful job reviewing all of the primary data along with the supplemental data He performs a very thorough examination of the data and indicates that after implausible interpretations are dismissed he gives thorough reasoning as to why their objections are not sufficient and also for proving his belief that the bakery cross is an artifact proving Jesus devotion in Pompeii. Book the crosses of pompeii by robert 13 As with the bakery cross he goes through a careful study and examination of the cross along with all the objections denying Jesus devotion His careful analysis only leads him to believe this graffiti cross is also Jesus devotion He performs a similar thorough analysis of various supplemental data and provides careful treatment of them as well concluding they are also indications of Jesus devotion. Pdf the crosses of pompeii analysis I particularly appreciated his analogy on why the consensus of the artifacts not indicating Jesus devotion has been held so long His belief that it was not intentional or that t here was no grand conspiracy 258 is admirable He points out that they were simply doing the best they could with what they had and believed they were doing the right thing. The crosses of pompeii images In addition to thoroughly examining all aspects of the various artifacts along with all the objections through the years I see Longenecker using a type of rhetoric called anticipation praesumptio anticipatio in which it seems like he anticipates his readers objections and or criticisms and efforts to provide further careful examination of the data and therefore provide answers to these anticipated objections and criticisms It is almost like he can hear his readers pushing back on the conclusions he reaches and provides responses to them Paperback After a visit to Pompeii my wife and I enjoyed reading this fascinating book about the evidence for a small but recognizable Christian presence in the town before its destruction in 79 AD New Testament scholar Bruce Longenecker lays out his case carefully and systematically First Acts 28 13 14 tells us that there were Christians in Puteoli 19 miles from Pompeii when Paul was taken to Rome for his trial Christians in Rome were heavily persecuted by Nero in the 64 68 AD period which actually created some public sympathy for Christians so that the period from 68 79 AD was a relatively safe time for followers of Jesus In Pompeii itself an earthquake in 62 or 63 AD brought widespread destruction including destruction of temples of the traditional gods In the wake of the earthquake there was great interest in religion and in new religions like the worship of the Egyptian goddess Isis It was an auspicious time for Christianity to take root in Pompeii. Books on pompeii history Longenecker describes a number of Pompeiian artifacts that appear to be Christian 1 a cross symbol that adorned the wall of a bakery 2 The word vivit he lives written on a wall with the final letters I and T combined to make a cross symbol 3 Graffiti on the wall of a residential inn that says audi Christianos listen to the Christians and may have added pro vici for the good of the neighborhoods 4 a stamp ring belonging to a man named Meges that bears a cross symbol next to a symbol for eternal life 5 nineteen cross symbols inscribed in the paving stones of the streets of Pompeii with 10 near the bakery and the other 9 on a main street not far from the Christianos graffiti The 19 street crosses are in strategic locations near intersections and entrances to the town and to buildings in it places where people hoped for protection from the incursion of evil forces Longenecker refutes the misconception that Christians didn t make use of cross symbols before the 300s AD For example the Epistle of Barnabas c 100 AD describes Moses making a cruciform symbol when he held out his hands during the battle with Amalek in Exodus 17 11 12 The use of the cross symbol for protection has Jewish roots going back to Eze 9 4 6 which has a mark being placed on the foreheads of certain people for protection see Rev 7 3 9 4 for a later instance of this idea The word for mark is tav and so a script Hebrew letter tav the same shape as an equilateral cross was used e. Kindle the crosses of pompeii pdf on ossuaries to seek eschatological protection This book is filled with interesting details about Pompeii archaeology and early Christianity Paperback In 2015 I read a book about Pompeii From Pompeii The Afterlife of a Roman Town that described how some Christian artifacts were found in the ruins of the town That makes sense I thought at the time Christianity had certainly reached the Italian towns of the Roman Empire by this point Subsequent books I have read about Pompeii treated the idea of Christians in the town at the time of its destruction as anachronistic Mary Beard in the book I just read flatly proclaimed that there is no evidence of Christians in the excavations Which is it Bruce W Longenecker has become convinced that not only were Christians Jesus followers living in Pompeii in AD 79 evidence of their presence abounds Or at least abounds in the form of 4 primary artifacts and 1 secondary series of pavement markings He builds a painstaking case for these items as evidence of Jesus worship whether in a syncretic manner alongside other pagan deities or with single hearted devotion but never quite makes all the dots connect to my way of thinking I think that this was mostly due to the narrative s being so choppy. Book the crosses of pompeii analysis That said once I got a little use to his writing style and got past the unexpected and illustrated chapter on the use of the phallus in apotropaic imagery I began to pick up what he was laying down In a town on the western coast of Italy that was unproselytized by an apostle and so knew only the basics of the Christian story through word of mouth from believers elsewhere in the empire Resurgit Anastasis There is a god who died on the cross and rose again to life it would be surprising to find artifacts of Jesus worship that expressed a theology complex than the hope and promise of conquering death and entering eternal life alongside this powerful deity So a cross here for Jesus a phallus over there for Fascinus a snake painted on the wall as an agathodaemon good spirit all powers a wise man would do well to invoke for protection in this fragile piece of land resting upon the growling bowels of Vesuvius Jesus worshipers there may have been and some may have had greater understanding than others but it was a thoroughly pagan town to the very end. The crosses of pompeii new testament This is a very scholarly book often to the detriment of its readability and a helpful one for reconstructing how the spread of Christianity might have looked in outposts that had no scolding or pastoral letters from a St Paul to guide new believers Definitely worth a read for those who are intrigued by the drama of Pompeii s final days for Christians who want to explore how their faith came to be embraced in pagan lands and for anyone who s ever wanted to see a photograph of a first century phallic wind chime I cop to all three and so I enjoyed this book Paperback A brilliant and enthralling book Longenecker teaches how a scholar should reflect on current issues in a field question them engage with data and imaginatively propose a proper narrative to describe what happened in the past. The crosses of pompeii theology The main argument of the book is presented in the introduction For Longenecker the presence of artifacts especially cross shaped related to Jesus Devotion in Pompeii calls for a review of the previous scholar agreement that there was no clear and hard proof of Jesus devotion presence in the city destroyed by the Vesuvius in August 79 AD In straight words Longenecker affirms that this book presents a fresch case for the presence of Christian devotion in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius 6 and that if this claim is correct the consequences are both significant and multiform 8 As a window into the earliest decades of the Jesus movement the artifacts here analyzed point to an axis of enhacing protection in a dangerous world and bolstering life prospects 16 In other words the artifacts discovered in Pompeii and organized by Longenecker in a plausible narrative establishes that Jesus devotion between mid 60s and late 70s was actively related to protection from evil powers to houses and districts in the Vesuvian town To prove his point the author lays out in chapter 2 preliminary issues such as the pre modern understanding of Christian presence Tertullian Sybline Oracles nomenclature in types of cross shaped artifacts and archaeological divisions in the excavated town of Pompeii Then after this introductory part the argument is divided into four main sections Setting Up The Primary Evidence The Supplemental Evidence and And So. New testament the crosses of pompeii bible verse The section called Setting up presents Longenecker s starting point in a cross found in a bakery in region 6 of Pompeii which for the author was most probably shaped as a significantly symbolic piece ch. The crosses of pompeii pdf 3 Then the reader gets a quick tour through the scholarly debate concerning Jesus devotion and crosses particularly concerning the plausibility of crosses having a foremost religious function before Constantine ch 4 5 This is supplemented by the compelling points in chapter 6 where Longenecker argues convincingly that the Vesuvian towns provide little archaeological evidence that crosses had a religious meaning Rather the best explanation for the religious use lies in the Jewish tradition based on Ezekiel 9 and the beginning of the use of a mark for those who would be preserved by Israel s God especially in ossuaries The presence of the meaningful symbol in this ossuaries points to the relationship between the ancient Hebrew script for the letter tav which in itself is read as the Hebrew word for mark thus pointing to the context of Ez 9 4 6. Book the crosses of pompeii and herculaneum In the following sectionThe Primary Evidence considers four main pieces of evidence of Christian devotion in Pompeii 1 the corss in the bakery of region 6 and its plausible relation to the Egyptian Ankh in the context of the cult of Isis 2 An insctiption of vivit Latin he she it lives shaped after a cross and probably pointing to Christ s resurrection 3 A graffito including the word Christianos and a possible debuke of this group and 4 A stamp ring cross belonging to a certain Meges connecting a cross to a symbol of eternal life which sheds some light on the previous item the graffito All this are seen in a context of allegiance to Christ and search for his protection in a world filled with fear from catastrophes evil forces and ultimately death. The crosses of pompeii images The next part presents The Supplemental Evidence basically a study in eighteen paving stone crosses which point altogether to an apotropaic usage as marks that protect the houses streets and intersections through the power of Christ Finally we get to the final part And So where Longenecker explores two issues the problem of skepticism in previous Vesuvian scholarship when dealing with the Christian presence in the region and what I consider the climax of the book his reimagining of the 60s and 70s in Pompeii vis vis the artifact data and the appeal that the Jesus devotion and protection would present to the city in a context of a sequence of earthquakes and the constant presence of death. Book the crosses of pompeii by robert The overall argument is compelling the language is accessible and Longenecker proved once again to be one of the most exciting scholars in the field of Christian Origins Paperback
| The Crosses of Pompeii: Jesus-Devotion in a Vesuvian Town By Bruce W. Longenecker |
| 1451490127 |
| 9781451490121 |
| English |
| 320 |
| Paperback |
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The crosses of pompeiih in the bible
The artifacts from Pompeii are best interpreted as first century relics of Jesus devotion 253, Pdf the crosses of pompeii free download Rel in New Testament Studies Wycliffe College and the University of Toronto Toronto Canada 1983 86 B. The crosses of pompeii new testament Rel in New Testament Studies Wycliffe College and the University of Toronto Toronto Canada 1983 86 B: Epub the crosses of pompeii pdf Longenecker also spends time examining a sort of graffiti discovered in 1955 on the wall of a residence in insula 1.D in Theology University of Durham England 1986 90 M.D in Theology University of Durham England 1986 90 M.A in Biblical and Religious Studies Wheaton College Illinois U.S.g