The Crusader States: The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades By Charles River Editors Kindle Edition The Crusader States: The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades *Includes pictures *Includes medieval accounts of various battles during the Crusades *Includes a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents “I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christs heralds to publish this everywhere and to [persuade] all people of whatever rank, foot soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it is meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it.” – Pope Urban II, 1095 When a crusader army of Western European Franks took Jerusalem by storm on July 15, 1099, it was one of the unexpected conquests in history. Everything seemed to be against them for the previous three years of crusade, right up to the final siege, and yet they finally prevailed. And when they did, they massacred most of the population before establishing a Christian realm in a region that had been taken over by the Muslims in 634. Ironically, this First Crusade is a difficult and polarizing event, even among modern historians, despite the fact it went largely unnoticed in the Islamic world at the time. For some, the crusaders were heroes and saints, and for others they were devils who disrupted the peaceful local sects of Muslims, Jews and Christians, establishing an alien colony that heralded modern European imperialism. Debate over whether the Crusades can truly be perceived as an early example of European colonialism continues in medieval historiography, though the evidence for this is thin. The territory taken by the Franks from the Turks had previously belonged to Eastern Christians and had only recently been seized by the Turks themselves. The Crusaders themselves saw it as a holy war of reclamation of previously lost, albeit almost mythical, territory, and to them, the Muslims were the first aggressors. They were somewhat bolstered in this view by the support that they largely held from local Christians. These territories, which came to be known as the Crusader states, were relatively small and weak, and while they nominally aimed to be a bulwark of Christianity in the Holy Land, the Crusader States were reconquered centuries before modern European colonialism began. Nonetheless, the Crusades and the Crusader States galvanized the Christians of Western Europe to expand their world. While it remains unclear how much that world expanded in practical terms such as trade, or how it affected later attitudes during the expansion to the New World and other regions, it definitely engaged the European mind in both positive and negative ways. As such, the crusades soon achieved near mythic status in the European literature and remain among the most important events of the Middle Ages. At the same time, the Crusader states were not one homogenized region but actually several distinct territories that had their own unique histories and interests. In fact, many of them were founded a century apart, with the Kingdom of Antioch established in 1097 and the Duchy of Cyprus in 1191, and they stretched across the Near East and the Mediterranean. As such, each one had different political, religious, and economic characteristics. Some of the smaller ones were tributaries to the larger states, and while some states like Antioch and Constantinople had a land based feudal order, others like Cyprus were wholly owned subsidiaries of the Venetian oligarchy. The Crusader States: The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades analyzes the controversial history and legacy of medieval Christianity’s front lines during the crusades.

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As well as histories and poetry not to mention magnificent cathedrals and palaces Calling them illiterate and brutish suggests that the authors themselves are too illiterate and brutish to even bother looking up the facts before slandering their subjects in a publication. The Crusader States kindle reader Returning to the first chapter I found the authors apparently obsessed with the alleged greed of Venice something that might be explained by the disproportionate number of books on the Fourth Crusade listed in the sparse bibliography This is a gross distortion of the facts given that Pisa and Genoa were equally if not active in the crusader states and Venice also played a positive role in the economy More ridiculous.

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Charles River Editors is an independent publisher of thousands of ebooks on Kindle Nook Kobo and Apple iBookstore provider of original content for third parties Includes pictures Includes medieval accounts of various battles during the Crusades Includes a bibliography for further reading Includes a table of contents I or rather the Lord beseech you as Christ s heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank foot soldiers and knights poor and rich to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends I say this to those who are present it is meant also for those who are absent Moreover Christ commands it Pope Urban II 1095 When a crusader army of Western European Franks took Jerusalem by storm on July 15 1099 it was one of the unexpected conquests in history Everything seemed to be against them for the previous three years of crusade right up to the final siege and yet they finally prevailed And when they did they massacred most of the population before establishing a Christian realm in a region that had been taken over by the Muslims in 634 Ironically this First Crusade is a difficult and polarizing event even among modern historians despite the fact it went largely unnoticed in the Islamic world at the time For some the crusaders were heroes and saints and for others they were devils who disrupted the peaceful local sects of Muslims Jews and Christians establishing an alien colony that heralded modern European imperialism Debate over whether the Crusades can truly be perceived as an early example of European colonialism continues in medieval historiography though the evidence for this is thin The territory taken by the Franks from the Turks had previously belonged to Eastern Christians and had only recently been seized by the Turks themselves The Crusaders themselves saw it as a holy war of reclamation of previously lost albeit almost mythical territory and to them the Muslims were the first aggressors They were somewhat bolstered in this view by the support that they largely held from local Christians These territories which came to be known as the Crusader states were relatively small and weak and while they nominally aimed to be a bulwark of Christianity in the Holy Land the Crusader States were reconquered centuries before modern European colonialism began Nonetheless the Crusades and the Crusader States galvanized the Christians of Western Europe to expand their world While it remains unclear how much that world expanded in practical terms such as trade or how it affected later attitudes during the expansion to the New World and other regions it definitely engaged the European mind in both positive and negative ways As such the crusades soon achieved near mythic status in the European literature and remain among the most important events of the Middle Ages At the same time the Crusader states were not one homogenized region but actually several distinct territories that had their own unique histories and interests In fact many of them were founded a century apart with the Kingdom of Antioch established in 1097 and the Duchy of Cyprus in 1191 and they stretched across the Near East and the Mediterranean As such each one had different political religious and economic characteristics Some of the smaller ones were tributaries to the larger states and while some states like Antioch and Constantinople had a land based feudal order others like Cyprus were wholly owned subsidiaries of the Venetian oligarchy The Crusader States The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades analyzes the controversial history and legacy of medieval Christianity s front lines during the crusades The Crusader States The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the CrusadesThis history was a fantastic overview of the Levant in the Middle Ages It starts off by devoting chapters to the Kingdoms of Edessa Jerusalem and Antioch A lot of detail about the interplay between the Armenians Greeks and Western Crusaders After that it splinters off into the full consequences of the 3rd Crusade The battle between Saladin and Richard and the internecine squabbles of both sides. Book The Crusader states By the 4th crusade it was clear that the Venetian money interests took over and the target wasn t the Holy Land or Islam it was territory in Greece Excellent breakdown of why the crusades went off the rails at that point The conclusion that wraps up the perverse incentives that created poor governance and military weakness in the wake of the onslaught of the Turks was great I d highly recommend this The Crusader States The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades This is a short essay which alleges to teach the reader about the crusader states like never before and in no time at all In fact it is an extended polemic by unnamed authors who are both ignorant and biased It is full of half truths and outright inaccuracies to such an extent that after merely browsing through it I became too disgusted to read further and I threw it out Why First the bibliography of this book is noteworthy for the conspicuous absence of works by nearly all serious scholars of the crusader states from Le Monte and Riley Smith to Edbury Hamilton and Barber Most of the sources are in fact only short essays rather than thorough studies and include some dubious sources Guidebooks for a History of Islam Really Second the introduction refers to the Duchy of Cyprus as a crusader state Cyprus from 1192 1196 had no status but was referred to as a lordship and from 1196 was raised to a KINGDOM as a component part of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th century the Pope confirmed the complete independence of the Kings. Book The Crusader states Third this error led me to jump ahead and at the chapter on Cyprus to see if this was just a slip up in the introduction This chapter is less than a page long for three hundred years of history In it Cyprus is described as part of the Venetian trading empire before the fall of Jerusalem NO Cyprus was part of the BYZANTINE Empire It did not become part of the Venetian empire for another three hundred years The anonymous authors go on to claim that the kings of Cyprus had no real power because the Venetian oligarchs had all power and two sentences later the authors claim that the feudal elite were illiterate and brutish In fact the feudal elite not the merchant community held power in Cyprus see Riley Smith s extensive and meticulously documented The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1174 1292 Note the feudal elite held fiefs in both Jerusalem and Cyprus and were therefore identical Further exactly this Cypriot feudal elite produced an entire school of legal scholars that are admired as some of the finest thinkers of the 13th century They were not only highly literate and very sophisticated they produced a number scholarly works on jurisprudence Chapter 1 included the claim that the knights barons were impoverished and their lands mortgaged to the hilt In fact as contemporary observers such as Fulcher de Chartes noted and serious historians such as Riley Smith have documented the Frankish settlers to Outremer enjoyed exceptional high standards of living and were wealthier than contemporaries the baron sometimes outrageously so At this point I tossed the book out and resolved to write a review to save others from buying this rubbish The Crusader States The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades The Crusades and Crusader States are far too complicated to be reduced to such a short text The Crusader States The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades

The Crusader States: The History of the European States Established in the Middle East during the Crusades By Charles River Editors

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